Electret materials

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are electret materials with outstanding thermal and charge stability. The electret materials comprise a melt blend of a thermoplastic polymer and one or more compounds selected from the aromatic trisamides. The aromatic trisamides are for example of the formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     The melt blends are subjected to an electret treatment, for example a corona treatment. The electret materials are for example nonwoven polyolefin webs and are employed as filter materials, wipes, absorbent materials, filter masks, acoustic materials, printing substrates, measuring devices or contactless switches. The present electret materials may also comprise a further additive selected from the hindered amine light stabilizers and the hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters.

This application claims benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 60/928,610, filed May 10, 2007 and 60/922,024, filed Apr. 5, 2007, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention is aimed at electret materials having excellent thermal stability and charge stability. The electret materials are for example polyolefin fibers or films and are suitably employed as filter materials, wipes, absorbent materials, filter masks, acoustic materials, printing substrates, measuring devices or contactless switches.

BACKGROUND

U.S. Pat. No. 5,057,710 teaches electret materials comprising hindered amines, nitrogen containing hindered phenols or metal-containing hindered phenols.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,556,618 discloses antibacterial electret materials.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,123,752 teaches high efficiency filter medium containing a performance enhancing additive.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,743,464 teaches a method of making electrets through vapor condensation.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,969,484 discloses a method of making electret.

U.S. patent app. No. 60/791,047, filed Apr. 11, 2006, teaches electret materials comprising certain additives.

U.S. published app. No. 2005/0203226 and WO 2004/072168 teach trisamide nucleating agents.

Mohmeyer, et al., in Polymer, 48(2007), 1612-1619, discusses electret materials.

SUMMARY

Disclosed is an electret material with enhanced thermal and charge stability, which material has been subjected to an electret treatment, comprising

a thermoplastic polymer and

incorporated therein, an effective stabilizing amount of one or more aromatic trisamide compounds.

Also disclosed is a method for preparing an electret material with enhanced thermal and charge stability, which method comprises

melt blending a thermoplastic polymer with an effective stabilizing amount of one or more aromatic trisamide compounds and

subjecting the blend to an electret treatment.

DETAILED DISCLOSURE

The thermoplastic polymer is a non-conductive polymer that has the capability of possessing a non-transitory or long-lived trapped charge. The polymer is for example a polyolefin, a halogenated vinyl polymer (e.g. polyvinyl chloride), polystyrene, polycarbonate, a polyester (e.g. polyethylene terephthalate), a polyamide or a fluoropolymer (e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene).

The thermoplastic polymers are for example propylene homopolymers, propylene copolymers and polypropylene blends. Propylene copolymers may contain various proportions up to 90%, preferably up to 50%, of comonomers. Examples of comonomers are: olefins such as 1-olefins, e.g. ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene or 1-octene, isobutylene, cycloolefins, e.g. cyclopentene, cyclohexene, norbornene or ethylidenenorborne, dienes such as butadiene, isoprene, 1,4-hexadiene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene or norbornadiene; also acrylic acid derivatives and unsaturated carboxylic anhydrides such as maleic anhydride.

Polypropylene blends which can be used are mixtures of polypropylene with polyolefins. Examples are blends of polypropylene with polyethylene selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE), high molecular weight high density polyethylene (HMW HDPE), ultra high molecular weight high density polyethylene (UHMW HDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), branched low density polyethylene (BLDPE) and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM) containing small proportions of diene.

The polymer is especially a polyolefin, for example polypropylene, poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) or linear low density polyethylene, or blends or copolymers thereof. The polymer may be a blend of a polyolefin and a polymer that contains polar groups, for example a polyester or a polyamide.

Polypropylene includes for instance reactor (such as metallocene) and visbroken (e.g. peroxides, hydroxylamine esters, thermally broken, etc.) grades.

The electret material comprising the thermoplastic material is in the form of a nonwoven web, a film, or a woven fabric. The electret material is in particular a nonwoven fibrous web.

The thermoplastic polymer may also be for example polyurethane or a polyester such as polylactic acid. The polyurethane may for example be in the form of a foam.

In addition to thermoplastic fibers, the electret material may be a natural fiber such as cotton.

The electret treatment may be any known treatment. Electret treatments are taught for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,057,710, 5,556,618, 6,123,752, 6,743,464, 6,969,484, 6,284,339, 5,256,176 and 6,926,961, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The electret treatment is for example hydro-charging, tribo-electric charging or corona treatment. The electret treatment is especially a corona treatment.

An electret material according to this invention is a thermoplastic material that has been subjected to an electret treatment.

The aromatic trisamide compounds are taught for example in U.S. published app. No. 2005/0203226 and U.S. application Ser. No.10/544,508, published as WO 2004/072168, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The aromatic trisamides are for instance of formula I

wherein

-   R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆, independently of one another, are     hydrogen, -   C₁-C₂₀alkyl, -   C₂-C₂₀alkyl substituted by C₁-C₁₀alkylamino, di(C₁-C₁₀alkyl)amino,     C₁-C₁₀alkyloxy or hydroxy; -   C₃-C₂₀alkenyl, -   C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl, -   C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl;     cyclohexylmethyl; -   cyclohexylmethyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl; -   C₅-C₉cycloalkenyl, -   C₅-C₉cycloalkenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl; -   phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group     consisting of C₁-C₁₀alkyl, -   C₁-C₁₀alkyloxy, hydroxy, halogen, trihalogenmethyl,     trihalogenmethoxy, benzoyl, phenylamino, acylamino and phenylazo; -   C₇-C₉phenylalkyl, -   C₇-C₉phenylalkyl which is substituted on the phenyl by 1, 2 or 3     radicals selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₁₀alkyl,     C₁-C₁₀alkoxy and hydroxy; -   naphthyl, -   naphthyl substituted by C₁-C₁₀alkyl; -   adamantyl, or -   a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic group.

Examples of C₁-C₂₀alkyl are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methyl-hexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methyl-undecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl. Preferred examples are butyl, octyl and octadecyl.

Examples of C₂-C₂₀alkyl substituted by C₁-C₁₀alkylamino, di(C₁-C₁₀alkyl)amino, C₁-C₁₀alkyloxy or hydroxy are 3-methylaminopropyl, 2-dimethylaminoethyl, 2-diethylaminoethyl, 3-dimethylaminopropyl, 3-diethylaminopropyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-methoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, 3-isopropoxypropyl and hydroxyethyl. Preferred examples are 3-dimethylaminopropyl, 3-methoxypropyl and 2-methoxyethyl.

Examples of C₃-C₂₀alkenyl are allyl, 2-methallyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl and oleyl. The carbon atom in position 1 is preferably saturated. Preferred examples are allyl and oleyl.

Examples of C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and cyclododecyl. Preferred examples are cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and cyclododecyl.

Preferred examples of C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl are 3-methylcyclohexyl and 2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl.

An example of cyclohexylmethyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl is 1-cyclohexylethyl.

An example of C₅-C₉cycloalkenyl is cyclohexenyl.

An example of C₅-C₉cycloalkenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl is methylcyclohexenyl.

Examples of phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₁₀alkyl, C₁-C₁₀alkyloxy, hydroxy, halogen, trihalogenmethyl, trihalogenmethoxy, benzoyl, phenylamino, acylamino and phenylazo are 4-methylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-sec-butylphenyl, 4-isobutylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-diethylphenyl, 2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-chloro-6-methylphenyl, 3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-benzoylphenyl, 4-phenylaminophenyl, 4-acetamidophenyl and 4-(phenylazo)phenyl. A preferred example is 3,4-dimethylphenyl.

Examples of C₇-C₉phenylalkyl are benzyl and 2-phenylethyl. Benzyl is preferred.

Examples of C₇-C₉phenylalkyl which is substituted on the phenyl by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₁₀alkyl, C₁-C₁₀alkoxy and hydroxy are methylbenzyl, dimethylbenzyl, trimethylbenzyl, tert-butylbenzyl, methoxybenzyl and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl.

An example of naphthyl substituted by C₁-C₁₀alkyl is methylnaphthyl.

Examples of a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic group are 2-picolyl, (2-furyl)methyl, (2-tetrahydrofuryl)methyl, 2-pyrimidyl, 6-methyl-2-pyridyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl and 2-(1-piperazinyl)ethyl.

The aromatic trisamides are for example of formulae IIa, IIb or IIc

wherein

-   R₁, R₂ and R₃, or Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, or Z₁, Z₂ and Z₃ independently of     one another are -   C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy; -   C₂-C₂₀alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy; -   C₂-C₂₀alkyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; -   C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more     C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   (C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl)-C₁-C₁₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one     or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   bis[C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl]-C₁-C₁₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by     one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   a bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon     atoms unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected     from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀alkylamino,     di(C₁-C₂₀alkyl)amino, hydroxy and nitro; -   phenyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more     radicals selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, phenyl,     C₁-C₂₀alkoxy and hydroxy; -   phenylethenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more     C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   biphenyl-(C₁-C₁₀alkyl) unsubstituted or substituted by one or more     C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   naphthyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more     C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   naphthoxymethyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more     C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   biphenylenyl, flourenyl, anthryl; -   a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic radical unsubstituted or substituted     by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   a C₁-C₂₀hydrocarbon radical containing one or more halogen; or -   tri(C₁-C₁₀alkyl)silyl(C₁-C₁₀alkyl); -   with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ and R₃, or     Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, or Z₁, Z₂ and Z₃ is branched C₃-C₂₀alkyl     unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy; -   C₂-C₂₀alkyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; -   C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more     C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   (C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl)-C₁-C₁₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one     or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   a bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon     atoms unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected     from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀alkylamino,     di(C₁-C₂₀alkyl)amino, hydroxy and nitro; -   phenyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more     radicals selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, phenyl,     C₁-C₂₀alkoxy and hydroxy; -   biphenyl-(C₁-C₁₀alkyl) unsubstituted or substituted by one or more     C₁-C₂₀alkyl; -   naphthyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more     C₁-C₂₀alkyl; or -   tri(C₁-C₁₀alkyl)silyl(C₁-C₁₀alkyl).

According to a preferred embodiment,

-   at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ and R₃, or Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, or Z₁,     Z₂ and Z₃ is branched C₃-C₂₀alkyl, or -   C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more     C₁-C₂₀alkyl.

According to a particular preferred embodiment,

-   at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ and R₃, or Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, or Z₁,     Z₂ and Z₃ is branched C₃-C₁₀alkyl.

Examples of C₁-C₂₀alkyl, e.g. branched C₃-C₂₀alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 hydroxy, are ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl, n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, tert-butylmethyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, 1-ethylhexyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 1-propylbutyl, octyl, nonyl, isononyl, neononyl, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, undecyl, tridecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, hydroxymethyl and 1-hydroxyethyl. Branched C₃-C₁₀alkyl is particularly preferred. One of the preferred meanings of the radicals R₁, R₂ and R₃, or Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, or Z₁, Z₂ and Z₃ is branched C₃-C₁₀alkyl with a quaternary C atom in position 1, in particular —C(CH₃)₂—H or —C(CH₃)₂—(C₁-C₇alkyl).

Examples of C₂-C₂₀alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 hydroxy, are 9-decenyl, 8-heptadecenyl and 1 1-hydroxy-8-heptadecenyl.

Examples of C₂-C₂₀alkyl interrupted by oxygen are t-butoxymethyl, t-butoxyethyl, t-butoxypropyl and t-butoxybutyl.

Examples of C₂-C₂₀alkyl interrupted by sulfur are (H₃C)₃C—S—CH₂—, (H₃C)₃C—S—C₂H₄—, (H₃C)₃C—S—C₃H₆— and (H₃C)₃C—S—C₄H₈—.

Examples of C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, e.g. 1, 2, 3 or 4 C₁-C₄alkyl, are cyclopropyl, 3-methylcyclopropyl, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, 2-methylcyclohexyl, 3-methylcyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.

Examples of (C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl)-C₁-C₁₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₄alkyl, are cyclopentylmethyl, 2-cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cycohexylethyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, 4-cyclohexylbutyl and (4-methylcyclohexyl)methyl.

An example of bis[C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl]-C₁-C₁₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₄alkyl, is dicyclohexylmethyl.

Examples of a bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₄alkyl, are

Examples of phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 radicals, selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀alkylamino, di(C₁-C₂₀alkyl)amino, hydroxy and nitro, preferably C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy, C₁-C₄alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄alkyl)amino, hydroxy and nitro, are phenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-propylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 3-methyl-6-nitrophenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl.

Examples of phenyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 radicals, selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy and hydroxy, preferably C₁-C₄alkyl, C₃-C₆cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and hydroxy, are benzyl, α-cyclohexylbenzyl, diphenylmethyl, 1-phenylethyl, α-hydroxybenzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 3-methylbenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl and 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl.

An example of phenylethenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₄alkyl, is 2-(4-methylphenyl)ethenyl.

An example of biphenyl-(C₁-C₁₀alkyl) unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₄alkyl, is 4-biphenylmethyl.

Examples of naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₄alkyl, are 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl.

Examples of naphthyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₄alkyl, are 1-naphthylmethyl and 2-naphthylmethyl.

An example of naphthoxymethyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₄alkyl, is 1-naphthoxymethyl.

An examples of biphenylenyl, flourenyl or anthryl is 2-biphenylenyl, 9-flourenyl, 1-flourenyl or 9-anthryl, respectively.

Examples of a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic radical unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₄alkyl, are 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 2-hydroxypyridin-3-yl, 3-quinolinyl, 4-quinolinyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl and 1-methyl-2-pyrryl.

Examples of a C₁-C₂₀hydrocarbon radical containing one or more halogen, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 —F, —Cl or -J, are 1-bromo-2-methylpropyl, dichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 3,5-bis[trifluoromethyl]phenyl, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl and 2,4-bis[trifluoromethyl]phenyl.

Examples of compounds of formula (IIa) are:

-   1,3,5-tris[cyclohexylcarbonylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2,2-dimethylpropionylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[4-methylbenzoylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[3,4-dimethylbenzoylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[3,5-dimethylbenzoylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[cyclopentanecarbonylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[1-adamantanecarbonylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2-methylpropionylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[3,3-dimethylbutyrylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2-ethylbutyrylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2-cyclohexyl-acetylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[3-cyclohexyl-propionylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[4-cyclohexyl-butyrylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[5-cyclohexyl-valeroylamino]benzene, -   1-isobutyrylamino-3,5-bis[pivaloylamino]benzene, -   2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino-3,5-bisipivaloylamino]benzene, -   3,3-dimethylbutyrylamino-3,5-bis[pivaloylamino]benzene, -   1,3-bis[isobutyrylamino]-5-pivaloylaminobenzene, -   1,3-bis[isobutyrylamino]-5-(2,2-dimethyl-butyryl)aminobenzene, -   1,3-bis[isobutyrylamino]-5-(3,3-dimethyl-butyryl)aminobenzene, -   1,3-bis[2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino]-5-pivaloylaminobenzene, -   1,3-bis[2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino]-5-isobutyrylaminobenzene, -   1,3-bis[2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino]-5-(3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-aminobenzene, -   1,3-bis[3,3-dimethylbutyrylamino]-5-pivaloylamino-benzene, -   1,3-bis[3,3-dimethylbutyrylamino]-5-isobutyryl-aminobenzene, -   1,3-bis[3,3-dimethylbutyrylamino)-5-(2,2-dimethyl-butyrylamino)aminobenzene,     and -   1,3,5-tris[3-(trimethylsilyl)propionylamino]benzene.

Further examples of compounds of formula (IIa) are:

-   1,3,5-tris[2,2-dimethylvaleroylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[3,3-dimethylvaleroylamino]benzene, -   1,3, 5-tris[2,4-dimethylvaleroylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[4,4-dimethylvaleroylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[4-methylvaleroylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2-methylbutyrylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2-methylvaleroylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[3-methylvaleroylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-cyclopropanecarbonylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[cyclopentylacetylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[3-cyclopentylpropionylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2-norbornyl-acetylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[4-t-butylcyclohexane-1-carbonylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2-(t-butoxy)-acetylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[3-(t-butoxy)-propionylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[4-(t-butoxy)-butyrylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[5-t-butoxy-valeroylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[cyclopropanecarbonylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2-methylcyclopropane-1-carbonylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[3-noradamantane-1-carbonylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[biphenyl4-acetylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[2-naphthyl-acetylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[3-methylphenyl-acetylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-acetylamino]benzene, -   1,3,5-tris[(3-trimethylsilyl-propionylamino]benzene, and -   1,3,5-tris[(4-trimethylsilyl-butyrylamino]benzene.

Examples of compounds of formula (IIb) are:

-   N-t-butyl-3,5-bis-(3-methylbutyrylamino)-benzamide, -   N-t-butyl-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, -   N-t-octyl-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, -   N-(1,1-dimethyl-propyl)-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, -   N-(t-octyl)-3,5-bis-(isobutyrylamino)-benzamide, -   N-(t-butyl)-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, -   N-(2,3-dimethyl-cyclohexyl)-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, -   N-t-butyl-3,5-bis-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-benzamide, -   N-(3-methylbutyl)-3,5-bis-(3-methylbutyrylamino)-benzamide, -   N-(3-methylbutyl)-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, -   N-(3-methylbutyl)-3,5-bis-(4-methylpentanoylamino)-benzamide, -   N-(3-methylbutyl)-3,5-bis-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-benzamide, -   N-(3-methylbutyl)-3,5-bis-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)-benzamide, -   N-cyclopentyl-3,5-bis-(3-methylbutyrylamino)-benzamide, -   N-cyclopentyl-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, -   N-cyclopentyl-3,5-bis-(4-methylpentanoylamino)-benzamide, -   N-cyclopentyl-3,5-bis-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-benzamide, -   N-cyclopentyl-3,5-bis-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)-benzamide, -   N-cyclohexyl-3,5-bis-(3-methylbutyrylamino)-benzamide, -   N-cyclohexyl-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, -   N-cyclohexyl-3,5-bis-(4-methylpentanoylamino)-benzamide, -   N-cyclohexyl-3,5-bis-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-benzamide, -   N-cyclohexyl-3,5-bis-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)-benzamide, -   N-isopropyl-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, -   N-isopropyl-3,5-bis-(isobutyrylamino)-benzamide, -   N-t-butyl-3,5-bis-(2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino)-benzamide, and -   N-t-octyl-3,5-bis-(2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino)-benzamide.

Examples of compounds of formula (IIc) are:

-   5-pivaloylamino-isophthalic acid N,N′-di-t-butyldiamide, -   5-pivaloylamino-isophthalic acid N,N′-di-t-octyldiamide, -   5-(2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino)-isophthalic acid     N,N′-di-t-butyldiamide, -   5-(2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino)-isophthalic acid     N,N′-di-t-octyldiamide, -   5-(3-methylbutyrylamino)-isophthalic acid N,N′-di-cyclohexyldiamide, -   5-(pivaloylamino)-isophthalic acid N,N′-di-cyclohexyldiamide, -   5-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-isophthalic acid     N,N′-di-cyclohexyldiamide, -   5-(cyclohexylcarbonylamino)-isophthalic acid     N,N′-di-cyclohexyldiamide, -   5-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-isophthalic acid     N,N′-bis-(2-methylcyclohexyl)diamide,     5-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)-isophthalic acid     N,N′-bis-(2-methylcyclohexyl)diamide, -   5-((1-methylcyclohexanecarbonyl)amino)-isophthalic acid     N,N′-bis-(2-methylcyclohexyl)diamide, and -   5-((2-methylcyclohexanecarbonyl)amino)-isophthalic acid     N,N′-bis-(2-methylcyclohexyl)diamide.

The addition of the aromatic trisamides to the thermoplastic polymer can be carried out in all customary mixing machines in which the polymer is melted and mixed with the additives.

Suitable machines are known to those skilled in the art. They are predominantly mixers, kneaders and extruders.

The process is preferably carried out in an extruder by introducing the additives during processing.

Particularly preferred processing machines are single-screw extruders, contrarotating and corotating twin-screw extruders, planetary-gear extruders, ring extruders or cokneaders. It is also possible to use processing machines provided with at least one gas removal compartment to which a vacuum can be applied.

Suitable extruders and kneaders are described, for example, in Handbuch der Kunststoffextrusion, Vol. 1 Grundlagen, Editors F. Hensen, W Knappe, H. Potente, 1989, pp. 3-7, ISBN: 3-446-14339-4 (Vol. 2 Extrusionsanlagen 1986, ISBN 3-446-14329-7). For example, the screw length is 1-60 screw diameters, preferably 35-48 screw diameters. The rotational speed of the screw is preferably 10-600 rotations per minute (rpm), very particularly preferably 25-300 rpm.

The maximum throughput is dependent on the screw diameter, the rotational speed and the driving force. The process of the present invention can also be carried out at a level lower than maximum throughput by varying the parameters mentioned or employing weighing machines delivering dosage amounts.

If a plurality of components are added, these can be premixed or added individually.

The polymers need to be subjected to an elevated temperature for a sufficient period of time during incorporation of additives. The temperature is generally above the softening point of the polymers.

In a preferred embodiment of the processes of the present invention, a temperature range lower than 280° C., particularly from about 160° C. to 280° C. is employed. In a particularly preferred process variant, the temperature range from about 200° C. to 270° C. is employed.

In the processes and compositions of the present invention the above-described aromatic trisamide compounds are present in concentrations, based on the amount of the polymer, of from about 0.001 to about 1.0% by weight. For instance, the trisamides are present from about 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.09% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer. The aromatic trisamides can be added as individual compounds or as mixtures to the polymer.

Incorporation of additives into the polymers can be carried out, for example, by mixing the above-described aromatic trisamides or mixtures thereof and, if desired, further additives into the polymers using the methods customary in process technology.

The aromatic trisamides can also be added to the polymers in the form of a masterbatch in which these compounds are present, for example, in a concentration of from about 1 to 25% by weight. The present invention therefore further provides a concentrate in which the compounds of the invention are present in a concentration of 1-25% by weight and which can be added to the thermoplastic polymer.

Another aspect of this invention is that instead of melt blending, the present trisamides may be topically applied to the electret material.

For example in the case where the electret material is cotton the present trisamides may be topically applied.

Another aspect of this invention is the co-use of certain other additives along with the present aromatic trisamides. These certain other additives are incorporated in the same manner as the trisamides.

When employed without certain co-additives, the trisamides

are excluded from the present invention.

For instance, the class of stabilizers of the hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) are advantageously also employed in the present compositions and processes.

The present sterically hindered amine stabilizers contain at least one moiety of formula

where G₁, G₂, G₃ and G₄ are independently alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or G₁ and G₂ or G₃ and G₄ together are pentamethylene and G₅ is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

The hindered amines are disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,004,770, 5,204,473, 5,096,950, 5,300,544, 5,112,890, 5,124,378, 5,145,893, 5,216,156, 5,844,026, 5,980,783, 6,046,304, 6,117,995, 6,271,377, 6,297,299, 6,392,041, 6,376,584, 6,472,456, and 7,030,196. The relevant disclosures of these patents are hereby incorporated by reference.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,271,377, 6,392,041 and 6,376,584, cited above disclose hindered hydroxyalkoxyamine stabilizers.

Suitable hindered amines include for example:

-   -   1)         1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octadecylaminopiperidine,     -   2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,     -   3) bis(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,     -   4) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-yl) sebacate,     -   5) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)         sebacate,     -   6) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate;     -   7) bis(1-acyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,     -   8) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)         n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate     -   9)         2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino-s-triazine,     -   10) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)         adipate,     -   11)         2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-pipeddin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine,     -   12)         1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,     -   13)         1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,     -   14)         1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,     -   15)         bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)         sebacate,     -   16)         bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)         adipate,     -   17)         2,4-bis{N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl]-N-butyl-amino}-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazine,     -   18) 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,     -   19) di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)         p-methoxybenzylidenemalonate,     -   20) 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,     -   21) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate,     -   22) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine,     -   23)         2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane,     -   24) tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetate,     -   25)         tris(2-hydroxy-3-(amino-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl)         nitrilotriacetate,     -   26)         tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylate,     -   27)         tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylate,     -   28) 1,1′-(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone),     -   29)         3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dione,     -   30)         8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione,     -   31)         3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione,     -   32)         3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,     -   33)         N,N′-bis-formyl-N,N′-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine,     -   34) the reaction product of         2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine         with N,N′-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine),     -   35) the condensate of         1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and         succinic acid,     -   36) linear or cyclic condensates of         N,N′-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine         and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,     -   37) linear or cyclic condensates of         N,N′-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine         and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,     -   38) linear or cyclic condensates of         N,N′-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine         and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,     -   39) linear or cyclic condensates of         N,N′-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine         and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,     -   40) the condensate of         2-chloro4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine         and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane,     -   41) the condensate of         2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine         and 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylamino)ethane,     -   42) a reaction product of         7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro         [4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin,     -   43)         poly[methyl,(3-oxy-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl)]siloxane,         CAS#182635-99-0,     -   44) reaction product of maleic acid         anhydride-C₁₈-C₂₂-α-olefin-copolymer with         2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine,     -   45) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of         4,4′-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and         2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine         end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,     -   46) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of         4,4′-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethylpiperidine)         and         2,4-dichloro-6-[(1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine         end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,     -   47) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of         4,4′-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine)         and         2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine         end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,     -   48) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of         4,4′-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine)         and         2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine         end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine and     -   49) product obtained by reacting a product, obtained by reacting         1,2-bis(3-amino-propylamino)ethane with cyanuric chloride, with         (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamine.

Also included are the sterically hindered N—H, N-methyl, N-methoxy, N-propoxy, N-octyloxy, N-cyclohexyloxy, N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy) and N-acyl analogues of any of the above mentioned compounds. For example, replacing an N—H hindered amine with an N-methyl hindered amine would be employing the N-methyl analogue in place of the N—H.

The class of additives known as the hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters are also advantegously employed in the processes and compositions of this invention. The hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters are disclosed for example in U.S. published app. No. 2004/0106767, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters are of the formula

wherein

-   R₆ is isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl or cyclohexyl which is     substituted by 1-3 C₁-C₄alkyl groups, -   R₇ is hydrogen, C₁-C₄alkyl, cyclohexyl or cyclohexyl which is     substituted by 1-3 C₁-C₄alkyl groups, -   R₈ is C₁-C₂₀alkyl, unsubstituted or C₁-C₄alkyl-substituted phenyl or     naphthyl,     -   R₉ is hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀alkyl, unsubstituted or         C₁-C₄alkyl-substituted phenyl or naphthyl; or is

M^(r+)/r;

-   M^(r+) is an r-valent metal cation, -   p is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and -   r is 1, 2 or 3.

For example, the present hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic ester or monoester is a compound of the formula P1 or P2

The further additives of the hindered amine light stabilizers and the hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters are employed at levels, based on the weight of the polymer, of from about 0.001 to 5.0% by weight, in particular from 0.01 to 2.0% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.02 to 1.0% by weight.

The following Examples further illustrate the invention. All percentages are in weight percent unless otherwise indicated.

EXAMPLE 1

Polypropylene with MFI index of 1,100 is tumble mixed to contain 5.0% total weight of a sterically hindered amine (HALS), 2.0% total weight of a sterically hindered hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic monoester (HPPME), 0.25% total weight aromatic trisamide (TA1)-(TA14).

These mixes are individually compounded using a Leistritz 27 mm twin screw extruder. The melt is cooled in a water trough and the strand is converted into pellets via a Conair-Jetro Model 304 pelletizer. The pellets collected are considered the masterbatches.

The same polypropylene is tumble mixed with the appropriate amounts of masterbatch for each of the evaluations. The tumble mixing is via a Marion Mixer SPS 1224 which is a paddle type slow RPM mixer. These are considered the final mixes.

Final mixes at 45 Kg each are converted into melt blown non woven textiles using a 500 mm Reifenhatuser Meltblowing Pilot Line. Also a 1,500 g portion of each final mix is processed on a 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line.

The polypropylene webs are then treated by corona discharge. The samples are tested using TSI Filter Tester (Model 8130) which employs challenges of sodium chloride aerosol at 32 liters per minute using a test area of 100 cm².

Results are in the tables below.

TABLE 1 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged & Efficiency Formulation (g/m²) charging charging aged (70° C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 30.6 23.2 88.0 72.4 17.7 (control) 0.5% HALS 30.5 16.8 91.5 82.1 10.2 0.5% HPPME 30.6 18.7 93.3 90.6 2.9 0.05% TA1 30.4 18.0 93.4 93.3 0.1 0.02% TA2 30.5 18.3 92.2 91.3 0.9

TABLE 2 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged & Efficiency Formulation (g/m²) charging charging aged (70° C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 58.3 34.6 96.9 90.6 6.4 (control) 0.5% HALS 60.4 32.8 99.0 97.0 2.0 0.5% HPPME 59.2 31.4 98.9 97.7 1.2 0.05% TA1 58.0 31.9 99.0 98.5 0.5 0.02% TA2 60.9 44.5 98.4 97.4 1.0

TABLE 3 500 mm Reifenhauser Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged & Efficiency Formulation (g/m²) charging charging aged (70° C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 30.6 17.0 81.4 65.6 19.4 (control) 0.5% HALS 30.5 15.8 90.0 85.4 5.1 0.5% HPPME 30.6 16.8 90.4 86.8 4.0 0.05% TA1 30.4 16.2 92.1 90.8 1.4 0.02% TA2 30.5 13.8 90.4 88.0 2.8

TABLE 4 500 mm Reifenhauser Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged & Efficiency Formulation (g/m²) charging charging aged (70° C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 58.3 28.0 94.7 78.4 17.2 (control) 0.5% HALS 60.4 29.4 96.6 90.2 6.6 0.5% HPPME 59.2 27.4 94.8 92.6 2.2 0.05% TA1 58.0 28.4 95.8 94.8 1.0 0.02% TA2 60.9 26.6 93.4 91.8 1.7

TABLE 5 PP 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged & Efficiency Formulation (g/m²) charging charging aged (70° C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 30.9 22.2 85.6 67.7 20.9 (control) 0.5% HALS 30.5 24.4 91.2 78.9 13.5 0.025% TA3 29.4 32.7 92.8 80.7 13.1 0.025% TA4 27.8 22.8 92.7 86.0 7.2 0.025% TA5 27.5 24.0 90.5 79.5 12.2 0.025% TA6 29.3 31.2 93.3 81.4 12.7

TABLE 6 PP 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged & Efficiency Formulation (g/m²) charging charging aged (70° C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 30.1 17.0 86.7 60.9 29.8 (control) 0.5% HALS 29.1 15.2 88.7 68.3 23.0 0.0125% TA7 29.5 11.6 80.5 63.4 21.3 0.0125% TA4 29.0 11.7 81.2 68.0 16.3

TABLE 7 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged & Efficiency Formulation (g/m²) charging charging aged (70° C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 29.6 20.5 76.1 54.9 27.9 (control) 0.5% HALS 29.2 17.9 84.0 66.6 20.7 0.02% TA8 27.2 21.6 90.9 84.7 6.9 0.02% TA9 28.6 22.8 91.2 83.0 9.0 0.02% TA10 28.2 23.1 88.4 70.6 20.1 0.02% TA11 29.3 20.7 88.9 74.5 16.2 0.02% TA12 29.1 21.5 89.8 78.7 12.4 0.02% TA13 27.7 21.9 89.9 77.0 14.4

TABLE 8 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged & Efficiency Formulation (g/m²) charging charging aged (70° C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 29.6 20.5 76.1 54.9 27.9 (control) 0.5% HALS 29.2 17.9 84.0 66.6 20.7 0.5% HPPME 30.6 21.4 88.7 74.6 15.9 0.02% TA8 27.2 19.9 87.2 83.4 4.4 0.02% TA10 27.5 16.1 82.4 77.3 6.2

It can be seen that the present aromatic trisamides provide polypropylene with excellent thermal and charge stability. The trisamides are present at very low levels.

-   sterically hindered hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic monoester (HPPME)

-   sterically hindered amine (HALS)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA1)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA2)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA3)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA4)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA5)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA6)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA7)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA8)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA9)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA10)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA11)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA12)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA13)

-   aromatic trisamide (TA14) 

1. An electret material with enhanced thermal and charge stability, which material has been subjected to an electret treatment, comprising a thermoplastic polymer and incorporated therein, an effective stabilizing amount of one or more aromatic trisamide compounds of formula I

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆, independently of one another, are hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₂-C₂₀alkyl substituted by C₁-C₁₀alkylamino, di(C₁-C₁₀alkyl)amino, C₁-C₁₀alkyloxy or hydroxy; C₃-C₂₀alkenyl, C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl; cyclohexylmethyl; cyclohexylmethyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl; C₅-C₉cycloalkenyl, C₅-C₉cycloalkenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl; phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₁₀alkyl, C₁-C₁₀alkyloxy, hydroxy, halogen, trihalogenmethyl, trihalogenmethoxy, benzoyl, phenylamino, acylamino and phenylazo; C₇-C₉phenylalkyl, C₇-C₉phenylalkyl which is substituted on the phenyl by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₁₀alkyl, C₁-C₁₀alkoxy and hydroxy; naphthyl, naphthyl substituted by C₁-C₁₀alkyl; adamantyl, or a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic group; or an effective stabilizing amount of one or more aromatic trisamide compounds of the formula IIa, IIb or IIc

wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃, or Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, or Z₁, Z₂ and Z₃ independently of one another are C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy; C₂-C₂₀alkyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; (C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl)-C₁-C₁₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; bis[C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl]-C₁-C₁₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; a bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀alkylamino, di(C₁-C₂₀alkyl)amino, hydroxy and nitro; phenyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy and hydroxy; phenylethenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; biphenyl-(C₁-C₁₀alkyl) unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; naphthyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; naphthoxymethyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; biphenylenyl, flourenyl, anthryl; a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic radical unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; a C₁-C₂₀hydrocarbon radical containing one or more halogen; or tri(C₁-C₁₀alkyl)silyl(C₁-C₁₀alkyl); with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ and R₃, or Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, or Z₁, Z₂ and Z₃ is branched C₃-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy; C₂-C₂₀alkyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; (C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl)-C₁-C₁₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; a bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀alkylamino, di(C₁-C₂₀alkyl)amino, hydroxy and nitro; phenyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy and hydroxy; biphenyl-(C₁-C₁₀alkyl) unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; naphthyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; or tri(C₁-C₁₀alkyl)silyl(C₁-C₁₀alkyl).
 2. An electret material according to claim 1 comprising one or more trisamide compounds of formula I.
 3. An electret material according to claim 1 comprising one or more trisamide compounds of formula IIa, IIb or IIc.
 4. An electret material according to claim 1 in which the thermoplastic polymer is polypropylene.
 5. An electret material according to claim 1 in which the thermoplastic polymer is a nonwoven polypropylene web.
 6. An electret material according to claim 1 where in the compounds of formula IIa, IIb and IIc, that at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ and R₃, or Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, or Z₁, Z₂ and Z₃ is branched C₃-C₂₀alkyl, or is C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl.
 7. An electret material according to claim 1 where the electret treatment is a corona treatment.
 8. An electret material according to claim 1 wherein the thermoplastic polymer further has incorporated therein an additive selected from the group consisting of the hindered amine light stabilizers.
 9. An electret material according to claim 1 wherein the thermoplastic polymer further has incorporated therein an additive selected from the group consisting of the hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters.
 10. An electret material according to claim 1 wherein the aromatic trisamide compounds are present from about 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the thermoplastic polymer.
 11. A method for preparing an electret material with enhanced thermal and charge stability, which method comprises melt blending a thermoplastic polymer with an effective stabilizing amount of one or more aromatic trisamide compounds of formula I

wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃, independently of one another, are C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₂-C₂₀alkyl substituted by C₁-C₁₀alkylamino, di(C₁-C₁₀alkyl)amino, C₁-C₁₀alkyloxy or hydroxy; C₃-C₂₀alkenyl, C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl; cyclohexylmethyl; cyclohexylmethyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl; C₅-C₉cycloalkenyl, C₅-C₉cycloalkenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₁₀alkyl; phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₁₀alkyl, C₁-C₁₀alkyloxy, hydroxy, halogen, trihalogenmethyl, trihalogenmethoxy, benzoyl, phenylamino, acylamino and phenylazo; C₇-C₉phenylalkyl, C₇-C₉phenylalkyl which is substituted on the phenyl by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₁₀alkyl, C₁-C₁₀alkoxy and hydroxy; naphthyl, naphthyl substituted by C₁-C₁₀alkyl; adamantyl, or a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic group; or an effective stabilizing amount of one or more aromatic trisamide compounds of formula IIa, IIb or IIc

wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃, or Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, or Z₁, Z₂ and Z₃ independently of one another are C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy; C₂-C₂₀alkyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; (C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl)-C₁-C₁₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; bis[C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl]-C₁-C₁₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; a bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀alkylamino, di(C₁-C₂₀alkyl)amino, hydroxy and nitro; phenyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy and hydroxy; phenylethenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; biphenyl-(C₁-C₁₀alkyl) unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; naphthyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; naphthoxymethyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; biphenylenyl, flourenyl, anthryl; a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic radical unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; a C₁-C₂₀hydrocarbon radical containing one or more halogen; or tri(C₁-C₁₀alkyl)silyl(C₁-C₁₀alkyl); with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ and R₃, or Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, or Z₁, Z₂ and Z₃ is branched C₃-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy; C₂-C₂₀alkyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; (C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl)-C₁-C₁₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; a bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀alkylamino, di(C₁-C₂₀alkyl)amino, hydroxy and nitro; phenyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₁-C₂₀alkoxy and hydroxy; biphenyl-(C₁-C₁₀alkyl) unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; naphthyl-C₁-C₂₀alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl; or tri(C₁-C₁₀alkyl)silyl(C₁-C₁₀alkyl) and subjecting the blend to an electret treatment.
 12. A method according to claim 11 comprising melt blending the thermoplastic polymer with one or more trisamide compounds of formula I.
 13. A method according to claim 11 comprising melt blending the thermoplastic polymer with one or more trisamide compounds of formula IIa, IIb or IIc.
 14. A method according to claim 11 in which the thermoplastic polymer is polypropylene.
 15. A method according to claim 11 in which the blend is a nonwoven polypropylene web.
 16. A method according to claim 11 where in the compounds of formula IIa, IIb and IIc, at least one of the radicals R₁, R₂ and R₃, or Y₁, Y₂ and Y₃, or Z₁, Z₂ and Z₃ is branched C₃-C₂₀alkyl, or is C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl.
 17. A method according to claim 11 where the electret treatment is a corona treatment.
 18. A method according to claim 11 which comprises melt blending the thermoplastic polymer with a further additive selected from the group consisting of the hindered amine light stabilizers.
 19. A method according to claim 11 which comprises melt blending the thermoplastic polymer with a further additive selected from the group consisting of the hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters.
 20. A method according to claim 11 where the aromatic trisamides are present from about 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the thermoplastic polymer. 